Decoding a Movie’s “Billing Block”

Posted on February 27, 2013 at 3:49 pm

What’s the difference between an executive producer and an associate producer?  Between screenwriters billed as “Smith and Jones” and “Smith & Jones?”  Which actors get an “and” or a “with” or an “as?”  What are all those “in association with” companies on the poster and in the credits?  The New York Times has a very handy guide to a movie’s “billing block,” dictated by an intricate intersection of individual and group contracts and MPAA rulings.

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Understanding Media and Pop Culture

MPAA Head Chris Dodd Speaks at the National Press Club

Posted on February 16, 2013 at 6:43 pm

Yesterday Chris Dodd, head of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), spoke at the National Press Club, which prepared movie poster cookies in his honor.  As a member of the club who writes about movies, I was invited to watch from the head table.  Dodd, who was a Connecticut Senator for 30 years (his father also represented Connecticut in the Senate), now runs the trade association for the film industry, which includes lobbying Congress and the Senate on matters like piracy and copyright and assigning ratings from G to NC-17.  He spoke eloquently on “why movies matter.” As an art form, he said, it is a “spectacular convergence” of visual arts, language arts, and music, attracting some of the most talented people in the world who want to paint on one of the largest and most stimulating canvases ever created.  They “tell stories that help us make sense of our world” and are “a vehicle to raise awareness of social and political issues.”

He emphasized the importance of the movie and television production industry to the US economy.  There is a 7 to one export/import ratio, higher than in any other sector. “For every unfathomably rich and beautiful star” there are thousands of people who are employed by the industry, more than 2 million, who have careers, not just jobs, many of which are good paying jobs even for those without a college degree.  Also, movies brand America in the eyes of the world, communicating our openness and opportunity. He quoted one man who told him that he did not agree with much of what the US does, but had to admire the way our filmmakers are so open in their own critiques of America and its policies.  “Your movies examine, ridicule, and challenge public institutions — and get awards for it!”

And he said that every movie is hand-crafted.  Movies also inspire unique technological breakthroughs.  Ang Lee had to wait 12 years from the time he first wanted to make “Life of Pi” into  movie until the technology could be developed to make it work.

Dodd spoke of the need to balance the “free and open internet,” which he supports, with protection of intellectual property.  “Free and open cannot be synonymous with working for free.”

Asked about the responsibility the movie industry bears for its portrayal of violence and the impact that has on audiences, especially children and teenagers, he said with evident feeling that Newtown affected him personally — he once represented the Sandy Hook community.  And Connecticut is the seventh largest producer of guns. “It is not an abstraction to me.”  But his comments were on the abstract side — along the lines of “we of course want to be part of the conversation,” emphasizing the “slippery slope” of content regulation, and pointing to the lack of support for the mentally ill and their families as a more important problem.  “We provide choice.  Not every movie is for everyone.”  The MPAA supports educating the audience about the tools it already makes available for control.  Similarly, he was not willing to commit to any overhaul of the MPAA’s unnecessarily obscure, inconsistent, and biased toward the big studios ratings system.  He also dodged specifics in answering questions about privacy and copyright extension.

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Behind the Scenes Commentary Understanding Media and Pop Culture

A Free Issue of Roger Ebert’s Newsletter

Posted on February 1, 2013 at 3:18 pm

I have been a proud and happy subscriber to Roger Ebert’s wonderful newsletter, always filled with intriguing trailers and commentary and much more.  Check out this free issue of the Ebert Club Newsletter and sign up for the teeny price of $10 a year here.  Well worth it!

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Critics Trailers, Previews, and Clips Understanding Media and Pop Culture

What’s the Worst Sequel Ever Made?

Posted on January 30, 2013 at 8:00 am

I always enjoy the surveys from Criticwire, and this one was especially fun.  The question: What is the worst movie sequel ever made?

I expected to see “Batman and Robin,” “Grease 2,” “Stayin’ Alive,” “Speed 2,” and “The Whole Ten Yards,” all of which appear, but they left off my choice, the awful “Sting 2” with Jackie Gleason and Terri Garr.  What sequel would you pick?

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Understanding Media and Pop Culture

If Bilbo Had a Lawyer….

Posted on January 25, 2013 at 8:00 am

James Daily writes intensive, witty, and very astute analyses of the legal issues raised in feature films.  I love his piece on the 5-foot long  contract between Bilbo Baggins and the dwarves in “The Hobbit.”  Here’s a sample on the very important legal principle of “consideration” (which means that there has to be some sort of exchange).

Here, Bilbo is promising to go with the Company to the Lonely Mountain and performing various services there, including extracting the treasure, plus a few more services we’ll get to later. In turn, as we shall see, the Company promises to pay Bilbo one fourteenth of the profits, plus a few other obligations. Thus we have “a promise for a promise,” otherwise known as a bilateral contract.

There are some other details to notice in these clauses. One is the use of defined terms (e.g. “referred to hereinafter as Burglar”). The parties to a contract may define terms however they wish, even in ways that contradict the definition used in statutes or regulations.

This is important in this case because of the use of the defined term “Burglar.”  Contracts to do something illegal are ordinarily unenforceable (e.g. collecting on an illegal gambling debt). But here what matters is not that the parties used the word ‘burglar’ but rather what sort of meaning they assigned to that defined term. As we shall see, the contract doesn’t require Bilbo to do anything illegal (or at least not obviously illegal), and so the contract will probably not fail for use of a questionable term.

And then there are the liability waivers, the non-disclosure agreement, and the provision for binding arbitration!  The write-up on the tax consequences of Clark Kent’s decision to leave The Daily Planet to be a blogger is pretty good, too!

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Understanding Media and Pop Culture
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